Real Driving Emission Calibration—Review of Current Validation Methods against the Background of Future Emission Legislation

Reducing air pollution caused by emissions from road traffic, especially in urban areas, is an important goal of legislators and the automotive industry. The introduction so-called “Real Driving Emission” (RDE) tests for homologation vehicles with internal combustion engines according to EU6d legislation was a fundamental milestone vehicle powertrain development. Due non-reproducible on-road emission “Portable Emission Measurement Systems” (PEMS) addition standardized on chassis dynamometers, aftertreatment development validation has become significantly more complex. For explicit proof compliance fuel consumption regulations, continue require “Worldwide Harmonized Light Duty Vehicle Test Cycle” (WLTC) dynamometer. calibration purposes, also various RDE profiles are conducted However, combination precisely defined driving dynamometer dynamics-limiting boundary conditions PEMS still lead discrepancies between certified test results real behavior. expected future standards replace will therefore force even realistic tests. This be achieved extending permissible conditions, such as giving weight section test. In addition, limit values previously unregulated pollutants nitrogen dioxide (NO2), nitrous oxide (N2O), ammonia (NH3) formaldehyde (CH2O) being considered. Furthermore, particle number (for diameters solid particles > 10 nm: PN10), methane (CH4) non-methane organic gases (NMOG) shall limited must tested. To simplify procedure long term, abandonment predefined dyno determine pollutant behavior under discussion. Against this background, current testing, validation, methods reviewed paper. New challenges necessary adaptations approaches discussed presented illustrate need consider regulatory requirements today’s approaches. Conclusions drawn suggestions robust formulated.